{"id":2136,"date":"2026-07-01T10:17:49","date_gmt":"2026-07-01T08:17:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/syl20-conseil.org\/?page_id=2136"},"modified":"2026-08-09T20:28:18","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T18:28:18","slug":"civil-criminal-or-administrative-law","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/votre-litige.fr\/en\/droit-civil-penal-ou-administratif\/","title":{"rendered":"Rights and duties"},"content":{"rendered":"
Criteria<\/strong><\/th>Civil law<\/strong><\/th>Criminal law<\/strong><\/th>Administrative law<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Main question<\/strong><\/td>Who must repair a damage or honor a contract?<\/strong><\/td>Was an offense committed?<\/strong><\/td>Did a government agency comply with the law?<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Who is opposing whom?<\/strong><\/td>Peer-to-Peer
Individual \u2194 Professional
Business to Business<\/td>		The company (represented by the public prosecutor) v. the alleged perpetrator of the offense, together with the victim<\/td>Individual or business \u2194 Government agency<\/td><\/tr>
Objective<\/strong><\/td>To repair a harm or enforce a right<\/td>Punish an offense and protect society<\/td>Review the legality of administrative decisions<\/td><\/tr>
Examples<\/strong><\/td>Neighbor dispute, construction work, purchase, insurance, lease, contract<\/td>Theft, scam, violence, harassment, threats, damage<\/td>Permit refusal, CAF decision, taxes, city hall, prefecture<\/td><\/tr>
Who can be seized?<\/strong><\/td>Conciliator, mediator, commissioner of justice, lawyer, judicial court<\/td>Police, gendarmerie, public prosecutor, criminal court judge<\/td>Administration, administrative appeal, Defender of Rights, administrative court<\/td><\/tr>
Root cause identified<\/strong><\/td>Compensation, performance of a contract, cessation of a nuisance<\/td>Conviction of the perpetrator and, where applicable, compensation for the victim<\/td>Annulment or modification of a decision, injunction, potential compensation<\/td><\/tr>
Possible sanctions<\/strong><\/td>Damages, specific performance, termination of a contract<\/td>Fine, imprisonment, community service, other penalties<\/td>Annulment of a decision, obligation for the administration to re-examine a case, compensation<\/td><\/tr>
Concrete example<\/strong><\/td>A tradesman does poor work.<\/td>A craftsman collects a deposit and then deliberately disappears.<\/td>The city hall is illegally refusing a building permit.<\/td><\/tr>
Key Texts<\/strong><\/td>Civil Code and Code of Civil Procedure<\/td>Criminal Code and Code of Criminal Procedure<\/td>Code of Administrative Justice and Code of Relations Between the Public and the Administration<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Key points<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
If you say to yourself...<\/strong><\/th>You are more of a...<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u00abI want to be compensated or enforce a contract.\u00bb<\/td>Civil law<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
\u00abI am the victim of a crime.\u00bb<\/td>Criminal law<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
\u00abI am challenging a decision by an administration.\u00bb<\/td>Administrative law<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Crit\u00e8re Droit civil Droit p\u00e9nal Droit administratif Question principale Qui doit r\u00e9parer un dommage ou respecter un contrat ? Une infraction a-t-elle \u00e9t\u00e9 commise ? Une administration a-t-elle respect\u00e9 la loi ? Qui s\u2019oppose \u00e0 qui ? Particulier \u2194 ParticulierParticulier \u2194 ProfessionnelEntreprise \u2194 Entreprise La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 (repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e par le procureur) contre l\u2019auteur pr\u00e9sum\u00e9 de l\u2019infraction, … Read more<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2136","page","type-page","status-publish"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/votre-litige.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2136","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/votre-litige.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/votre-litige.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/votre-litige.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/votre-litige.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2136"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/votre-litige.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2136\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3889,"href":"https:\/\/votre-litige.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2136\/revisions\/3889"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/votre-litige.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2136"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}